Technological options and design evolution for recycling spent lithium‐ion batteries: Impact, challenges, and opportunities

The lithium-ion battery (LIB) market is growing, driven by consumer demand and the imperative to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. socio-environmental impacts of LIBs production are vast; thus, it paramount importance acquire knowledge about consequences lithium metal mining on human health, farming overall ecosystem. materials embedded in spent have high industrial value. To minimize environmental conserve declining natural resources, global supply chain for raw should not rely solely mining. Rather, manufacturers access critical recovered from waste, as a sustainable reliable secondary source valuable materials. It also crucial study hazards economic considerations associated with waste LIB management disassembly final recycling stage. This article evaluates highlights various current approaches reuse LIBs, well potential future developments. pros cons different technological options opportunities use small-scale technology overcome barriers, discussed. categorized under: Emerging Technologies > Energy Storage Materials Policy Economics Research Development